{"@context":["https://w3id.org/fdo/context/v1",{"schema":"https://schema.org/","prov":"http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#","fdo":"https://w3id.org/fdo/vocabulary/"}],"@id":"https://fdo.portal.mardi4nfdi.de/fdo/Q887293","@type":"DigitalObject","kernel":{"@id":"https://fdo.portal.mardi4nfdi.de/fdo/Q887293","digitalObjectType":"https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle","primaryIdentifier":"mardi:Q887293","kernelVersion":"v1","immutable":true,"modified":"2026-03-27T10:59:54Z"},"profile":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q887293","name":"Modeling the distribution of ranks, Selmer groups, and Shafarevich-Tate groups of elliptic curves","headline":"Modeling the distribution of ranks, Selmer groups, and Shafarevich-Tate groups of elliptic curves","description":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6499656","url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q887293","datePublished":"2015-10-28","author":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q281744"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q289683"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q215971"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q165880"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q663295"}],"publisher":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q281746"}],"identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"doi","value":"10.4310/CJM.2015.V3.N3.A1","url":"https://doi.org/10.4310/CJM.2015.V3.N3.A1"},"sameAs":["https://doi.org/10.4310/CJM.2015.V3.N3.A1"],"comment":"Let \\(V:=\\mathbb{Z}_p^{2n}\\) (\\(p\\) a prime and \\(n\\in\\mathbb{N}\\)) be equipped with the standard hyperbolic quadratic form \\(Q(x_1,\\dots,x_n,y_1,\\dots,y_n):=\\displaystyle{\\sum_{i=1}^n x_iy_i}\\) and let  \\[  \\text{OGr}_V(\\mathbb{Z}_p):= \\{Z\\text{\\;a \\;direct\\;summand\\;of\\;}V\\;s.t.\\;Q_{|Z}=0\\}  \\]  be the set of \\textit{isotropic} direct summands of \\(V\\). For any two elements \\(Z,W\\in \\text{OGr}_V(\\mathbb{Z}_p)\\) one can form the short exact sequence  \\[  R:=(Z\\cap W)\\otimes \\mathbb{Q}_p/\\mathbb{Z}_p \\hookrightarrow S:=(Z\\otimes \\mathbb{Q}_p/\\mathbb{Z}_p)\\cap(W\\otimes \\mathbb{Q}_p/\\mathbb{Z}_p) \\twoheadrightarrow T \\quad (\\mathrm{Seq}(Z,W))  \\]  (where \\(T\\) is the cokernel of the natural map). These sequences (modulo isomorphisms) form a subset of the set \\(\\mathrm{Seq}(\\mathbb{Z}_p)\\) of isomorphism classes of short exact sequences of \\(\\mathbb{Z}_p\\)-modules of cofinite type. The authors study the main properties of the sequences of type \\(\\mathrm{Seq}(Z,W)\\) and, in particular, show that, as \\(Z\\) and \\(W\\) vary in \\(\\text{OGr}_V(\\mathbb{Z}_p)\\), these sequences define a probability distribution \\(\\mathcal{Q}_{2n}\\) which, as \\(n\\mapsto +\\infty\\), converges to a discrete probability distribution \\(\\mathcal{Q}\\).  The main goal of the paper is to state (and show motivations for and consequences of) a deep conjecture which uses \\(\\mathrm{Seq}(Z,W)\\) as a model for the well known short exact sequence associated to an elliptic curve \\(E\\) defined over a global field \\(k\\), i.e.,  \\[  E(k)\\otimes \\mathbb{Q}_p/\\mathbb{Z}_p \\hookrightarrow Sel_{p^\\infty}(E) \\twoheadrightarrow \\text Ш[p^\\infty]\\qquad\\qquad (\\mathrm{Seq}(E,k))\\,. \\]  { Conjecture 1.3.} Let \\(\\mathcal{E}\\) be the set of isomorphism classes for all curves defined over \\(k\\) (ordered by height). For any short exact sequence \\(\\mathrm{Seq}(Z,W)\\), the density of the set \\(\\{E\\in\\mathcal{E}\\,s.t.\\, \\mathrm{Seq}(E,k)\\simeq \\mathrm{Seq}(Z,W)\\}\\) equals the \\(\\mathcal{Q}\\)-probability of \\(\\mathrm{Seq}(Z,W)\\).  The authors show that in \\(\\mathrm{Seq}(Z,W)\\) the \\(\\mathbb{Z}_p\\)-corank of \\(R\\) is 0 with probability 1/2 and 1 with probability 1/2, moreover \\(T\\) is always finite. The conjecture then implies the well known conjectures on the distribution of the rank in \\(\\mathcal{E}\\) and on the finiteness of the Tate-Shafarevich group. The authors also focus on possible models for the Tate-Shafarevich and Selmer group using finite abelian groups or cokernels of random alternating matrices for the first (providing the analogue of the Cassels-Tate pairing for them), and giving some more information on the structure of the second to motivate (at least conjecturally) the search for a model for \\(Sel\\) inside the set of intersections of direct summands."},"provenance":{"prov:generatedAtTime":"2026-03-27T10:59:54Z","prov:wasAttributedTo":"MaRDI Knowledge Graph"}}