{"@context":["https://w3id.org/fdo/context/v1",{"schema":"https://schema.org/","prov":"http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#","fdo":"https://w3id.org/fdo/vocabulary/"}],"@id":"https://fdo.portal.mardi4nfdi.de/fdo/Q692871","@type":"DigitalObject","kernel":{"@id":"https://fdo.portal.mardi4nfdi.de/fdo/Q692871","digitalObjectType":"https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle","primaryIdentifier":"mardi:Q692871","kernelVersion":"v1","immutable":true,"modified":"2026-03-26T18:57:31Z"},"profile":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q692871","name":"The Ricci flow on noncommutative two-tori","headline":"The Ricci flow on noncommutative two-tori","description":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6113263","url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q692871","datePublished":"2012-12-06","author":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q692870"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q196374"}],"publisher":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q164121"}],"identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"doi","value":"10.1007/S11005-012-0550-0","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/S11005-012-0550-0"},"sameAs":["https://doi.org/10.1007/S11005-012-0550-0"],"comment":"In Riemannian geometry and related physical applications, the study of Ricci flow governed by the evolution equation \\(\\frac{\\partial g}{\\partial t}=-2\\operatorname{Ric}\\left( g\\right) \\) of a Riemannian metric \\(g\\) on a manifold \\(M\\) with Ricci curvature tensor \\(\\operatorname{Ric}\\left( g\\right) \\) has proven to be of great importance. In this paper, the authors formulate and study the notion of Ricci flow for noncommutative 2-tori in terms of the spectral data of Laplacian.  Recall that the irrational rotation \\(C^*\\)-algebra \\(\\mathcal{A}_{\\theta}\\) with \\(\\theta\\in\\mathbb{R}\\backslash\\mathbb{Q}\\), modeling a noncommutative 2-torus, is generated by unitary elements \\(U\\) and \\(V\\) subject to the relation \\(U_{1}U_{2}=e^{2\\pi i\\theta}U_{2}U_{1}\\), and there is a canonical \\(\\mathbb{T}^{2}\\)-action \\(\\alpha\\) on \\(\\mathcal{A}_{\\theta}\\) by algebra automorphisms \\(\\alpha_{z}\\) for \\(z\\in\\mathbb{T}^{2}\\subset\\mathbb{C}^{2}\\) with \\(\\alpha_{z}\\left( U_{i}\\right) :=z_{i}U_{i}\\), which gives rise to derivations \\(\\delta_{i}\\), with \\(\\delta_{i}\\left( U_{j}\\right) =\\delta _{ij}U_{j}\\), on the dense `smooth' \\ subalgebra \\(A_{\\theta}^{\\infty}\\), consisting of elements \\(a\\in \\mathcal{A}_{\\theta}\\) with \\(z\\mapsto\\alpha_{z}\\left( a\\right) \\) smooth. Furthermore, \\(\\mathcal{A}_{\\theta}\\) has a unique normalized trace \\(\\tau\\) with \\(\\tau\\left( U_{1}^{m}U_{2}^{n}\\right) =0\\) for all \\(\\left( m,n\\right) \\neq\\left( 0,0\\right) \\) in \\(\\mathbb{Z}\\times\\mathbb{Z}\\).  Motivated by the evolution equation \\(\\frac{d\\lambda}{dt}=\\lambda\\int_{M} f^{2}Rd\\mu\\), found by Di Cerbo, of an eigenvalue \\(\\lambda\\) and corresponding normalized eigenfunction \\(f\\) of the Laplace operator where \\(\\mathbb R\\) is the scalar curvature in the case of 2-dimensional closed surfaces \\(M\\) under some assumption on the existence of \\(C^{1}\\)-differentiable eigenvalues \\(\\lambda_{i}\\left( t\\right) \\) and eigenfunctions \\(f_{i}\\left( t\\right) \\) along the Ricci flow, the authors propose the evolution equation \\(\\frac{d\\lambda }{dt}=12\\pi\\lambda\\zeta_{f^{2}}\\left( 0\\right) \\) of the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions of the Laplacian \\(\\Delta^{\\prime}\\) as a version of Ricci flow on noncommutative 2-tori, where \\(\\Delta^{\\prime} :=\\partial_{\\phi}^{\\ast}\\partial_{\\phi}\\) with \\(\\partial_{\\phi}:=\\delta _{1}+i\\delta_{2}\\) acting as an unbounded operator on the unitary left module \\(H_{\\phi}\\) constructed from \\(\\mathcal{A}_{\\theta}\\) via \\(\\left\\langle a,b\\right\\rangle _{\\phi}:=\\tau\\left( b^{\\ast}ae^{-h}\\right) \\) for some self-adjoint \\(h\\in A_{\\theta}^{\\infty}\\), and justify it by showing \\(\\int _{M}fRd\\mu=12\\pi\\zeta_{f}\\left( 0\\right) \\), for \\(f\\in C^{\\infty}\\left( M\\right) \\) on a closed surface \\(M\\) and the zeta function \\(\\zeta_{f}\\left( s\\right) :=\\text{Tr}\\left( f\\Delta^{-s}\\right) \\) having a meromorphic continuation at \\(s=0\\).  Using results of Connes and Tretkoff concerning a Gauss-Bonnet theorem for noncommutative tori, the authors derive other equivalent descriptions in terms of the modular operator \\(a\\mapsto e^{-h}ae^{h}\\) of the non-unimodular geometry \\(e^{h/2}\\Delta e^{h/2}\\) for \\(\\Delta=\\Delta^{\\prime}\\) with \\(h=0\\) and pseudodifferential calculus, such as \\(\\frac{d\\lambda}{dt}=\\lambda\\tau\\left( f^{2}\\mathcal{R}\\right) \\;\\)where \\(\\mathcal{R}\\;\\)is explicitly expressed as an integral involving the symbol of the resolvent of \\(\\Delta^{\\prime}\\).","citation":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4826706"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4492010"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q790504"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1405873"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5673548"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4492639"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q863421"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3532535"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q627066"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1365445"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q810892"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3413423"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3871430"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1900460"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1114906"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1431317"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3190944"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2904908"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q692850"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q927350"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q390946"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2460053"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5454090"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3431623"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3393292"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q446421"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2438308"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1941038"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4888825"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3418965"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1836163"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4869195"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q688323"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q688603"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4873981"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1382023"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q700547"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q812960"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2384731"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1006118"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2501135"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q700570"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q535409"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5757489"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1107843"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5485638"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5485639"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2785539"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3052714"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3069154"}]},"provenance":{"prov:generatedAtTime":"2026-03-26T18:57:31Z","prov:wasAttributedTo":"MaRDI Knowledge Graph"}}