{"@context":["https://w3id.org/fdo/context/v1",{"schema":"https://schema.org/","prov":"http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#","fdo":"https://w3id.org/fdo/vocabulary/"}],"@id":"https://fdo.portal.mardi4nfdi.de/fdo/Q625352","@type":"DigitalObject","kernel":{"@id":"https://fdo.portal.mardi4nfdi.de/fdo/Q625352","digitalObjectType":"https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle","primaryIdentifier":"mardi:Q625352","kernelVersion":"v1","immutable":true,"modified":"2026-03-26T12:53:54Z"},"profile":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q625352","name":"On exponentials of exponential generating series","headline":"On exponentials of exponential generating series","description":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5852024","url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q625352","datePublished":"2011-02-16","author":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q247078"}],"publisher":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q246406"}],"identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"doi","value":"10.2140/ANT.2010.4.919","url":"https://doi.org/10.2140/ANT.2010.4.919"},"sameAs":["https://doi.org/10.2140/ANT.2010.4.919"],"comment":"The shuffle product of two formal power series \\(\\sum_{n=0}^{\\infty}{\\alpha_nX^n}\\) and \\(\\sum_{n=0}^{\\infty}{\\beta_n X^n}\\) with coefficients in a field \\(\\mathbb K\\) is defined by  \\[ \\sum_{n=0}^{\\infty}{\\gamma_nX^n}:=\\sum_{n=0}^{\\infty}{\\alpha_nX^n} \\operatorname{\\text Ш} \\sum_{n=0}^{\\infty}{\\beta_nX^n} \\]  where  \\[ \\gamma_n=\\sum_{n=0}^{\\infty}{\\binom{n}{k}\\alpha_k \\beta_{n-k}}. \\]  A result which goes back to Hurwitz shows that the additive group \\((X\\mathbb K [[X]],+)\\) and the shuffle group \\((1+X\\mathbb K [[X]], \\operatorname{\\text Ш} )\\) are isomorphe. The map which gives this isomorphism is the exponential map defined as follows. If \\(A=\\sum_{n=1}^{\\infty}{\\alpha_n X^n}\\) and \\(B=\\sum_{n=1}^{\\infty}{\\beta_n X^n}\\), then  \\[ \\exp_{!}(A):=1+B \\]  when  \\[ \\exp(\\sum_{n=1}^{\\infty}{\\frac{\\alpha_n}{n!} X^n})=1+\\sum_{n=1}^{\\infty}{\\frac{\\beta_n}{n!} X^n}. \\]    In this article, the author proves that the map \\(\\exp_{!}\\) also induces a group isomorphism between the subgroup of rational (respectively algebraic) series of \\((X\\mathbb K [[X]], +)\\) and the subgroup of rational (respectively algebraic) series of \\((1+X\\mathbb K [[X]], \\operatorname{\\text Ш} )\\), if \\(\\mathbb K\\) is a subfield of the algebraically closed field \\(\\overline{\\mathbb F}_p\\) of positive characteristic \\(p\\). The author also shows that this result is not true if the field is of characteristic zero."},"provenance":{"prov:generatedAtTime":"2026-03-26T12:53:54Z","prov:wasAttributedTo":"MaRDI Knowledge Graph"}}