{"@context":["https://w3id.org/fdo/context/v1",{"schema":"https://schema.org/","prov":"http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#","fdo":"https://w3id.org/fdo/vocabulary/"}],"@id":"https://fdo.portal.mardi4nfdi.de/fdo/Q359381","@type":"DigitalObject","kernel":{"@id":"https://fdo.portal.mardi4nfdi.de/fdo/Q359381","digitalObjectType":"https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle","primaryIdentifier":"mardi:Q359381","kernelVersion":"v1","immutable":true,"modified":"2026-01-20T02:25:42Z"},"profile":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q359381","name":"Rational equivalence of algebras, its clone generalizations, and clone categoricity.","headline":"Rational equivalence of algebras, its clone generalizations, and clone categoricity.","description":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6197562","url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q359381","datePublished":"2013-08-12","author":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q307878"}],"publisher":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q178377"}],"identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"doi","value":"10.1134/S0037446613030178","url":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0037446613030178"},"sameAs":["https://doi.org/10.1134/S0037446613030178"],"comment":"A \\textit{clone} on a set \\(A\\) is a set \\(F\\) of finitary functions on \\(A\\) closed under superposition and containing all projections. If \\(\\mathcal A\\) is an algebra with base set \\(A\\), then the set \\(\\mathrm{Tr}(\\mathcal A)\\) of all term functions of \\(\\mathcal A\\) is a clone on \\(A\\) (and, clearly, every clone on \\(A\\) is of this form). Two algebras \\(\\mathcal A\\), \\(\\mathcal B\\) (not necessarily of the same signature) are called \\textit{rationally equivalent} if there exists a bijection \\(\\varphi\\) between the base sets \\(A\\), \\(B\\) of \\(\\mathcal A\\), \\(\\mathcal B\\) such that \\(\\{\\varphi(f(\\varphi^{-1}(x_1),\\ldots,\\varphi^{-1}(x_{n_f})))\\mid f\\in\\mathrm{Tr}(\\mathcal A)\\}=\\mathrm{Tr}(\\mathcal B)\\), where \\(n_f\\) denotes the arity of \\(f\\). (This concept was introduced in 1958 by A.~I.~Mal'tsev and is also known as ``weakly isomorphic'' or ``cryptoisomorphic''.)   In the paper under review, the concept of rational equivalence is modified in such a way, that four other clones on the base set \\(A\\) of an algebra \\(\\mathcal A\\) are considered. One of them is the clone \\(\\mathrm{AO}(\\mathcal A)\\) of all functions commuting with the \\textit{inner isomorphisms} of \\(\\mathcal A\\), i.e., with all isomorphisms between subalgebras of \\(\\mathcal A\\). The other three clones (which are defined in a more complicated way and denoted by \\(\\mathrm{PCT}(\\mathcal A)\\), \\(\\mathrm{CT}(\\mathcal A)\\) and \\(\\mathrm{IO}(\\mathcal A)\\)) are in the interval \\([\\mathrm{Tr}(\\mathcal A),\\mathrm{AO}(\\mathcal A)]\\) of the clone lattice. Note that the clone \\(\\mathrm{AO}(\\mathcal A)\\) was introduced already in 1971 in order to study quasiprimal algebras, [see \\textit{A. F. Pixley}, Math. Ann. 191, 167-180 (1971; Zbl 0203.31201)].   A large part of the paper is a survey of concepts and results of several earlier papers by the author. In particular, the inclusions \\(\\mathrm{Tr}(\\mathcal A)\\subseteq\\mathrm{PCT}(\\mathcal A)\\subseteq\\mathrm{CT}(\\mathcal A)\\subseteq\\mathrm{AO}(\\mathcal A)\\) and \\(\\mathrm{PCT}(\\mathcal A)\\subseteq\\mathrm{IO}(\\mathcal A)\\subseteq\\mathrm{AO}(\\mathcal A)\\) and, as a consequence, the implications between the corresponding concepts of equivalence are pointed out.   As a new result, it is proved that the equality \\(\\mathrm{CT}(\\mathcal A)\\cap\\mathrm{IO}(\\mathcal A)=\\mathrm{PCT}(\\mathcal A)\\) holds and -- by constructing suitable examples -- that all inclusions and implications are proper in general. In the last parts of the paper, so-called \\textit{clone categorical algebras} are considered and, again, the new results are mainly given by examples showing that some implications are proper.","citation":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3365105"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4709920"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4242576"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4802730"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1363477"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5932614"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4677701"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4526724"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1235274"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1937750"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3544750"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5845380"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3281057"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3037402"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4533285"}]},"provenance":{"prov:generatedAtTime":"2026-01-20T02:25:42Z","prov:wasAttributedTo":"MaRDI Knowledge Graph"}}