{"@context":["https://w3id.org/fdo/context/v1",{"schema":"https://schema.org/","prov":"http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#","fdo":"https://w3id.org/fdo/vocabulary/"}],"@id":"https://fdo.portal.mardi4nfdi.de/fdo/Q2391886","@type":"DigitalObject","kernel":{"@id":"https://fdo.portal.mardi4nfdi.de/fdo/Q2391886","digitalObjectType":"https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle","primaryIdentifier":"mardi:Q2391886","kernelVersion":"v1","immutable":true,"modified":"2026-04-02T23:10:18Z"},"profile":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2391886","name":"Deformation of LeBrun's ALE metrics with negative mass","headline":"Deformation of LeBrun's ALE metrics with negative mass","description":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6195064","url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2391886","datePublished":"2013-08-05","author":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q211767"}],"publisher":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q192672"}],"identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"doi","value":"10.1007/S00220-012-1656-Z","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/S00220-012-1656-Z"},"sameAs":["https://doi.org/10.1007/S00220-012-1656-Z"],"comment":"Let \\((X, g)\\) be a complete \\(4\\)-dimensional Riemannian manifold, \\(K\\) a compact subset of \\(X\\), \\(\\rho : X \\rightarrow {\\mathbb R}^{\\geq 0}\\) the distance function to a base point \\(x_o \\in X\\), \\({\\mathbb B}(0, R)\\) the ball in \\({\\mathbb R}^4\\) with center at the origin and radius \\(R \\in {\\mathbb R}^{>0}\\), \\(\\Gamma\\) a finite subgroup of \\(\\mathrm{SO}(4)\\), acting freely on the unit sphere \\(S^3 \\subset {\\mathbb R}^4\\). The manifold \\((X,g)\\) is called asymptotically locally Euclidean or ALE if there exists \\(\\tau \\in {\\mathbb N}\\) and diffeomorphisms \\(\\psi ^R : X \\setminus K \\rightarrow [{\\mathbb R}^4 \\setminus {\\mathbb B}(0, R)] / \\Gamma\\) for sufficiently large \\(R \\in {\\mathbb R}^{>0}\\), such that \\((\\psi ^R_* g)_{ij} = \\delta _{ij} + O(\\rho ^{- \\tau})\\), \\(\\partial ^{|k|} (\\psi ^R_* g) _{ij} = O( \\rho ^{ - \\tau - k})\\) as \\(R \\to \\infty\\) for all partial derivatives of order \\(k \\in {\\mathbb N}\\). In 1988 LeBrun constructed examples of Kähler scalar-flat asymptotically locally Euclidean spaces of negative mass. Let \\(r: {\\mathbb C}^2 = {\\mathbb R}^4 \\rightarrow {\\mathbb R} ^{ \\geq 0}\\) be a radial coordinate and \\(\\sigma _1, \\sigma _2, \\sigma _3\\) be a left-invariant coframe on \\(S^3 =\\mathrm{SU}(2)\\). For any \\(n \\geq 3\\) LeBrun considers the metric  \\[ \\begin{aligned} g_{LB} = \\left(1 - \\frac{1}{r^2} \\right) ^{-1} \\left( 1 + \\frac{n-1}{r^2} \\right) ^{-1} dr^2 + r^2 \\left[ \\sigma _1 ^2 + \\sigma _2 ^2 + \\left( 1 - \\frac{1}{r^2} \\right) \\left( 1 + \\frac{n-1}{r^2} \\right) \\sigma _3 ^2 \\right]\\end{aligned}  \\]  on \\({\\mathbb C}^2\\) with singularities at \\(S^3\\). Let us denote by \\(\\widehat{{\\mathbb C}^2}\\) the blow-up of \\({\\mathbb C}^2\\) at all points of \\(S^3\\). The cyclic group \\({\\mathbb Z}_n < {\\mathbb C}^*\\), \\(n \\geq 3\\), of the \\(n\\)-th root of unity admits a diagonal action \\({\\mathbb Z} _n \\times {\\mathbb C}^2 \\rightarrow {\\mathbb C}^2\\), \\((\\zeta, (z,w)) \\mapsto (\\zeta z, \\zeta w)\\) on \\({\\mathbb C}^2\\), which extends to \\(\\widehat{{\\mathbb C}^2}\\). The quotient \\(\\widehat{{\\mathbb C}^2} / {\\mathbb Z}_n\\) has a unique singular point at the origin. The resolution of this isolated singularity is diffeomorphic to the total space of the holomorphic line bundle \\(\\mathcal{O}(-n) \\rightarrow {\\mathbb C} {\\mathbb P} ^1\\). The metric \\(\\widehat{g_{LB}}\\) on \\(\\mathcal{O}(-n)\\), induced by \\(g_{LB}\\) is non-singular, Kähler scalar-flat with respect to the complex structure of \\(\\mathcal{O}(-n)\\) and asymptotically locally Euclidean at infinity. The mass of \\(\\widehat{g_{LB}}\\) is \\(- 4 \\pi ^2 (n-2) <0\\) for \\(n \\geq 3\\). After an appropriate conformal change, \\(\\widehat{g_{LB}}\\) extends to a one-point compactification \\(\\widehat{ \\mathcal{O}(-n)} = \\mathcal{O}(-n) \\cup \\{ \\infty \\}\\) as an orbifold anti-self-dual (ASD) structure. The pair \\(( \\widehat{\\mathcal{O}(-n)}, \\widehat{g_{LB}} )\\) is called LeBrun orbifold.  Viaclovsky has proved that for \\(n \\geq 4\\) the moduli space of anti-self-dual orbifold metrics near \\(( \\widehat{\\mathcal{O}(-n)}, \\widehat{g_{LB}})\\) is of dimension at least \\(4n-12\\). He sets the problem of obtaining the conformal automorphism groups and local dimensions of the moduli space of anti-self-dual asymptotically locally Euclidean deformations of \\(( \\widehat{ \\mathcal{O} (-n)}, \\widehat{g_{LB}})\\) for all \\(n \\geq 3\\). Moreover, he asks for the dimension of the moduli space of the Kähler scalar-flat deformations of \\(( \\widehat{\\mathcal{O}(-n)}, \\widehat{g_{LB}})\\).  The article under review answers these questions, making use of an explicit description of the twistor space \\(Z_{LB}\\) of \\(( \\mathcal{O}(-n), \\widehat{g_{LB}})\\). In order to formulate precisely, let us denote by \\([g]\\) the conformal class of a metric \\(g\\) and put \\(\\mathrm{Aut} _0 [g]\\) for the identity component of the conformal automorphism group of \\([g]\\). For an arbitrary open neighborhood \\(B\\) of the origin in \\({\\mathbb R}^{4n-8}\\), consider the versal family \\(\\{ [g_t] \\, | \\, t \\in B \\}\\) of the anti-self-dual structures on \\(\\widehat{\\mathcal{O}(-n)}\\) with \\([g_0]\\) corresponding to \\(( \\widehat{ \\mathcal{O}(-n)}, \\widehat{g_{LB}})\\). For \\(n=3\\) the author shows the existence of a sufficiently small \\(B \\subset {\\mathbb R}^{4n-8}\\), such that for any \\(t \\in B \\setminus \\{ 0 \\}\\) the moduli space is \\(1\\)-dimensional at \\([g_t]\\) and \\(\\mathrm{Aut} _0 [g_t] \\simeq\\mathrm U(1)\\). If \\(n=4\\) then a sufficiently small \\(B\\) contains \\(\\mathrm U(2)\\)-invariant, mutually disjoint connected subsets \\(B_0, B_1, B_2\\), such that for any \\(t \\in B_0\\) the moduli space of the anti-self-dual structures at \\([g_t]\\) is \\(1\\)-dimensional and \\(\\mathrm{Aut} _0 [g_t] \\simeq \\mathrm{SU}(2)\\). For any \\(t \\in B_1 \\cup B_2\\) the conformal class \\([g_t]\\) has \\(\\mathrm{Aut} _0 [g_t] \\simeq\\mathrm U(1)\\). In the case of \\(t \\in B_1\\), the moduli space of the \\(\\mathrm U(1)\\)-invariant anti-self-dual structures is \\(1\\)-dimensional at \\([g_t]\\), while for \\(t \\in B_2\\) the corresponding moduli space is \\(3\\)-dimensional.   For \\(n \\geq 5\\) let \\(\\left[ \\frac{n}{2} \\right]\\) be the maximal natural number, which is less or equal to \\(\\frac{n}{2}\\). Then a sufficiently small \\(B\\) contains \\(\\mathrm U(2)\\)-invariant, mutually disjoint connected subsets \\(B_1, \\cdots , B_{\\left[ \\frac{n}{2} \\right]}\\), such that \\(\\mathrm{Aut} _0 [g_t] \\simeq\\mathrm U(1)\\) for all \\(t \\in B_1 \\cup \\cdots\\cup B_{\\left[ \\frac{n}{2} \\right] }\\) and \\(\\mathrm{Aut} _0 [g_t] = \\{ e \\}\\) for all \\(t \\in B \\setminus \\left( B_1 \\cup \\cdots\\cup B_{\\left[ \\frac{n}{2} \\right] } \\right)\\). Moreover, the moduli space of the \\(\\mathrm U(1)\\)-invariant anti-self-dual structures is \\(1\\)-dimensional at \\([g_t]\\) with \\(t \\in B_1\\) and \\(3\\)-dimensional at \\([g_t]\\) with \\(t \\in B_2 \\cup \\cdots \\cup B_{\\left[ \\frac{n}{2} \\right] }\\). The moduli space at \\([g_t]\\) with \\(t \\in B \\setminus \\left( B_1 \\cup \\cdots \\cup B_{\\left[ \\frac{n}{2} \\right]} \\right)\\) is of dimension \\(4n-12\\).   The result is derived by a detailed analysis of the local deformations of the twistor space \\(Z_{LB}\\) of \\(( \\widehat{\\mathcal{O}(-n)}, \\widehat{g_{LB}})\\). First of all, \\(H^2 ( \\Theta _{Z_{LB}}) =0\\) and the local deformations of \\(Z_{LB}\\) are unobstructed. The natural \\(\\mathrm U(2)\\)-action on \\({\\mathbb C}^2\\) descends to an isometric \\(\\mathrm U(2)\\)-action on \\(\\widehat{ \\mathcal{O}( -n)}\\) and induces a \\(\\mathrm U(2)\\)-action on the parameter space of the Kuranishi family of \\(Z_{LB}\\), after identifying it with an open neighborhood of the origin in \\(H^1 ( \\Theta _{Z_{LB}})\\). The explicit description of this action provides the aforementioned result.  Let \\(g_0 = \\widehat{g_{LB}}\\) be the LeBrun metric and \\(J_0\\) the standard complex structure on the \\(4\\)-manifold \\(\\mathcal{O}(-n)\\) with \\(n \\geq 3\\). The article shows the existence of a \\(1\\)-dimensional smooth family \\(\\{ (J_t, g_t) \\}\\) of complex structures \\(J_t\\) and asymptotically locally Euclidean, anti-self-dual Kähler metrics \\(g_t\\), such that for any \\(t \\neq 0\\) the metric \\(g_t\\) is not conformal to the LeBrun metric, \\(( \\mathcal{O}(-n), J_t)\\), is biholomorphic to an affine surface \\(S_n\\) in \\({\\mathbb C}^{n+1}\\) and the Kähler surface \\(( \\mathcal{O}(-n), J_t, g_t)\\) admits a non-trivial \\(\\mathrm U(1)\\)-action. In order to describe the affine surface \\(S_n\\), let us consider the ruled surface \\({\\mathbb F}_{n-2} := {\\mathbb P} ( \\mathcal{O} (n-2) \\oplus \\mathcal{O} )\\) over \\({\\mathbb C} {\\mathbb P} ^1\\), the unique negative section \\(\\Gamma\\) of \\({\\mathbb F}_2\\) and a fiber \\(F\\) of the ruling. Then the linear system of \\(\\Gamma + (n-1) F\\) induces an embedding \\({\\mathbb F}_{n-2} \\subset {\\mathbb C} {\\mathbb P} ^{n+1}\\) and \\(S_n\\) is the complement of a generic hyperplane section to the image of \\({\\mathbb F}_{n-2}\\) in \\({\\mathbb C} {\\mathbb P} ^{n+1}\\).   The argument is based on a theorem of Pontecorvo. Let \\(M\\) be a \\(4\\)-manifold with twistor space \\(Z_M\\) and \\(K_{Z_M}\\) be the canonical divisor of \\(Z_M\\). Pontecorvo shows that an anti-self-dual conformal structure on \\(M\\) admits a Kähler representative if and only if there exist divisors \\(D\\), \\(\\overline{D}\\) on \\(Z_M\\), such that \\(D + \\overline{D}\\) belongs to the linear system of \\(K_{Z_M} ^{ - 1/2}\\) and \\(D\\) maps diffeomorphically onto \\(M\\) by the twistor fibration.","citation":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4171249"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1882740"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3825000"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4183927"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1907677"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5947402"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3420019"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q877553"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1006312"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q627502"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5957691"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1126977"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1119916"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1112350"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2276781"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3993800"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q894194"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3496883"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4306003"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4058771"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4018458"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q811667"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1214971"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q717808"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5250726"}]},"provenance":{"prov:generatedAtTime":"2026-04-02T23:10:18Z","prov:wasAttributedTo":"MaRDI Knowledge Graph"}}