{"@context":["https://w3id.org/fdo/context/v1",{"schema":"https://schema.org/","prov":"http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#","fdo":"https://w3id.org/fdo/vocabulary/"}],"@id":"https://fdo.portal.mardi4nfdi.de/fdo/Q2069656","@type":"DigitalObject","kernel":{"@id":"https://fdo.portal.mardi4nfdi.de/fdo/Q2069656","digitalObjectType":"https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle","primaryIdentifier":"mardi:Q2069656","kernelVersion":"v1","immutable":true,"modified":"2026-04-01T00:47:40Z"},"profile":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2069656","name":"L-functions of certain exponential sums over finite fields","headline":"L-functions of certain exponential sums over finite fields","description":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7461068","url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2069656","datePublished":"2022-01-21","author":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q291793"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q250422"}],"publisher":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q163114"}],"identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"doi","value":"10.1007/S00209-021-02843-2","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/S00209-021-02843-2"},"sameAs":["https://doi.org/10.1007/S00209-021-02843-2"],"comment":"Let \\(\\mathbb F_q\\) be the finite field of \\(q\\) elements with characteristic \\(p\\), \\(\\mathbb F_{q^k}\\) be the finite extension of \\(\\mathbb F_q\\) of degree \\(k\\), and \\(\\mathbb F_{q^k} = \\mathbb F_{q^k} \\backslash \\{0\\}\\). Let \\(\\Psi: \\mathbb F_p \\to \\mathbb C^*\\) be a fixed nontrivial additive character, and let \\(\\mathrm{Tr}_k: \\mathbb F_{q^k} \\to \\mathbb F_p\\) be the trace map. For \\(\\vec{a} = (a_1, \\dots, a_6) \\in (\\mathbb F_q^*)^6\\), let  \\[ S_k(\\vec{a}) = \\sum_{\\substack{\\frac{a_5}{x_1x_2} + \\frac{a_6}{x_3x_4} = 1 \\\\ x_i \\in \\mathbb F_{q^k}^*}} \\Psi(\\mathrm{Tr}_k(a_1x_1 + a_2x_2 + a_3x_3 + a_4x_4)), \\] and let  \\[ L(\\vec{a},T) = \\exp \\left( \\sum_{k=1}^\\infty S_k(\\vec{a}) \\frac{T^k}{k} \\right). \\] The main result of this paper is a complete determination of the weights and slopes of the \\(L\\)-function attached to the sequence \\(\\{S_k(\\vec{a})\\}_{k \\ge 1}\\) of exponential sums, whose proof relies on the Adolphson-Sperber's work on toric exponential sums [\\textit{A. Adolphson} and \\textit{S. Sperber}, Ann. Math. (2) 130, No. 2, 367--406 (1989; Zbl 0723.14017)] and on the Wan's decomposition theorems [\\textit{D. Wan}, Ann. Math. (2) 137, No. 2, 249--293 (1993; Zbl 0799.11058)].  Theorem 1.1. The generating \\(L\\)-function of \\(S_k(\\vec{a})\\) is a polynomial of degree \\(8\\), i.e.,  \\[ L(\\vec{a},T) = (1-T)(1-qT)\\prod_{i=1}^6 (1 - \\alpha_iT), \\] where \\(\\alpha_i \\in \\overline{\\mathbb Q}\\) satisfies \\(|\\alpha_i| = q^{3/2}\\). Seeing the reciprocal roots \\(\\alpha_i\\) as \\(p\\)-adic numbers and enumerating them with respect to the \\(q\\)-adic slopes, their \\(p\\)-adic norms are given by  \\[ |\\alpha_i|_p = \\begin{cases} 1 & \\text{ if } i=1, \\\\ q^{-1} & \\text{ if } i=2,3, \\\\ q^{-2} & \\text{ if } i=4,5, \\\\ q^{-3} & \\text{ if } i=6. \\end{cases} \\] \\textit{T. H. M. Smits} [Indag. Math. 47, 345--350 (1985; Zbl 0587.12011)] proved that there exist positive constants \\(c_0, c_1\\) such that if \\(p \\ge c_0\\), then \\(c_1q^{3k/2}\\). This result has applications in Heath-Brown's and in Friedlander and Iwaniec's works on the divisor function \\(d_3(n)\\) [\\textit{D. R. Heath-Brown}, Acta Arith. 47, 29--56 (1986; Zbl 0549.10034); \\textit{J. B. Friedlander} and \\textit{H. Iwaniec}, Ann. Math. (2) 121, 319--350 (1985; Zbl 0572.10029)] as well as in Zhang's work on twin prime conjecture [\\textit{Y. Zhang}, Ann. Math. (2) 179, No. 3, 1121--1174 (2014; Zbl 1290.11128)]. As a consequence of Theorem 1.1, the authors prove the following sharp estimate.  Corollary 1.2. For all \\(p\\), \\(k\\) and \\(\\vec{a}\\) as before, it holds \\(|S_k(\\vec{a})| \\le 6q^{3k/2} + q^k + 1\\).  Another consequence of Theorem 1.1 is to obtain an explicit counterexample of Adolphson-Sperber's conjecture (Corollary 3.9) on weights of toric exponential sums. In fact, \\textit{A. Adolphson} and \\textit{S. Sperber} [Invent. Math. 101, No. 1, 63--79 (1990; Zbl 0764.11037)] conjectured a simple weight formula which is true for dimensions up to \\(4\\). \\textit{J. Denef} and \\textit{F. Loeser} [Invent. Math. 106, No. 2, 275--294 (1991; Zbl 0763.14025)] showed that such conjecture is false for some \\(5\\)-dimensional simplicial Newton polyhedron. They proved the existence of a counterexample, but it was not explicit. This paper provides the first concrete counterexample.","citation":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q757510"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1813552"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1062092"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1150411"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1191368"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5561652"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2532357"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3342662"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3992449"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4138813"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5670721"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3797807"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2366457"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2565946"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2453592"}]},"provenance":{"prov:generatedAtTime":"2026-04-01T00:47:40Z","prov:wasAttributedTo":"MaRDI Knowledge Graph"}}