{"@context":["https://w3id.org/fdo/context/v1",{"schema":"https://schema.org/","prov":"http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#","fdo":"https://w3id.org/fdo/vocabulary/"}],"@id":"https://fdo.portal.mardi4nfdi.de/fdo/Q1097397","@type":"DigitalObject","kernel":{"@id":"https://fdo.portal.mardi4nfdi.de/fdo/Q1097397","digitalObjectType":"https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle","primaryIdentifier":"mardi:Q1097397","kernelVersion":"v1","immutable":true,"modified":"2026-01-06T15:41:56Z"},"profile":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1097397","name":"On Gårding's inequality","headline":"On Gårding's inequality","description":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4034193","url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1097397","datePublished":"1986-00-00","author":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q261246"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q609511"}],"publisher":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q176881"}],"identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"doi","value":"10.1007/BF02188167","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02188167"},"sameAs":["https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02188167"],"comment":"Gårding examined a linear differential operator of order m, (1) \\(q=\\sum_{| \\beta | \\leq m}q_{\\beta}(x)D_{\\beta}\\), where \\(q_{\\beta}(x)\\) are assumed for simplicity to be infinitely differentiable in an open subset, S, of real n-dimensional space. Restricting the right-hand side of (1) to be derivatives of order exactly equal to m, gives an operator called the principal part of q. The principal part of q together with its associated polynomial, \\(q_ m(x,\\xi)=\\sum_{| \\beta | =m}q_{\\beta}(x)\\xi_{\\beta}\\), is elliptic iff \\(q_ m(x,\\xi)\\neq 0\\), \\(x\\in S\\) and \\(\\xi =0.\\)    This paper replaces (1) with (2) \\(L(\\cdot,D)=\\sum_{\\sigma,\\tau \\in \\Gamma}D^{\\sigma}(a_{\\sigma \\tau}(\\cdot)D^{\\tau})\\) where the functions \\(a_{\\sigma \\tau}\\) are bounded and sufficiently smooth in an open bounded set, \\(G\\subset {\\mathbb{R}}^ n\\). \\(\\Gamma\\) is a finite and non- empty subset of \\(N^ n_ 0=\\{(\\alpha_ 1,...,\\alpha_ n)|\\alpha_ i\\) positive integers, \\(1\\leq i\\leq n\\}\\). The length of \\(\\alpha\\) is defined to be \\(| \\alpha | =\\sum^{n}_{i=1}\\alpha_ i\\). The space \\(C_ 0^{\\infty}(G)\\) is equipped with a scalar product \\((\\phi,\\psi)_{\\Gamma}=\\sum_{\\sigma \\in \\Gamma}(D^{\\sigma}\\phi,D^{\\sigma}\\psi)_ 0+(\\phi,\\psi)_ 0\\), where \\((\\phi,\\psi)_ 0=\\int_{G}\\overline{\\phi (x)}\\psi (x)dx\\) is the \\(L^ 2(G)\\) scalar product.    The set \\(\\Gamma\\) is examined and if it admits a decomposition \\(\\Gamma =\\Gamma^*\\cup \\Gamma '\\), \\(\\Gamma^*\\cap \\Gamma '=\\emptyset\\) several generalized results follow. It is noted that \\(\\Gamma^*\\) plays the role of \\(\\{\\alpha \\in N^ n_ 0| | \\alpha | =m\\}\\). From the operator (2) a sesquilinear form, \\(B(.,.)\\) on \\(C_ 0^{\\infty}(\\sigma)\\times C_ 0^{\\infty}(\\sigma)\\) is defined by  \\[  B(\\phi,\\psi)=\\sum_{\\sigma,\\tau \\in \\Gamma}\\int_{G}\\overline{a_{\\sigma\\tau}(x) D^{\\tau}\\phi(x)} D^{\\sigma}\\psi(x) dx  \\]  and Gårding's inequality becomes Real \\(B(\\phi,\\psi) \\geq C_ 0 \\| \\phi \\|^ 2_{\\Gamma^*}-C_ 1\\| \\phi \\|^ 2_ 0\\) for all \\(\\phi \\in C_ 0^{\\infty}(b)\\) under appropriate conditions. A form of a compact imbedding theorem in a Hilbert space is proven and the paper concludes with a wonderful example illustrating the results with the implementation of the operator  \\[  L(D)=-\\frac{\\partial^ 6}{\\partial x^ 2_ 1 \\partial x^ 4_ 2}- \\frac{\\partial^ 6}{\\partial x^ 4_ 1 \\partial x^ 2_ 2}- \\frac{\\partial^ 4}{\\partial x^ 2_ 1 \\partial x^ 2_ 2}.  \\]","citation":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2554865"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3216948"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1084260"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1162062"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5829254"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5824830"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3843833"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3310258"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3324309"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4141653"}]},"provenance":{"prov:generatedAtTime":"2026-01-06T15:41:56Z","prov:wasAttributedTo":"MaRDI Knowledge Graph"}}