{"@context":["https://w3id.org/fdo/context/v1",{"schema":"https://schema.org/","prov":"http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#","fdo":"https://w3id.org/fdo/vocabulary/"}],"@id":"https://fdo.portal.mardi4nfdi.de/fdo/Q1025835","@type":"DigitalObject","kernel":{"@id":"https://fdo.portal.mardi4nfdi.de/fdo/Q1025835","digitalObjectType":"https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle","primaryIdentifier":"mardi:Q1025835","kernelVersion":"v1","immutable":true,"modified":"2026-03-30T12:29:58Z"},"profile":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1025835","name":"An extension of Picard's theorem for meromorphic functions of small hyper-order","headline":"An extension of Picard's theorem for meromorphic functions of small hyper-order","description":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5568989","url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1025835","datePublished":"2009-06-23","author":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q291789"}],"publisher":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q85344"}],"identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"doi","value":"10.1016/J.JMAA.2009.04.011","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMAA.2009.04.011"},"sameAs":["https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMAA.2009.04.011"],"comment":"Let \\(a\\in\\widehat C\\), let \\(f\\) be a meromorphic function, and denote \\(f^{-1} (\\{a\\})=\\{z\\in\\mathbb{C}:f(z)=a\\}\\), where \\(\\{\\cdot\\}\\) denotes a multiset which takes into account multiplicities of its elements. The hyper-order of \\(f\\) is defined by  \\[ \\zeta(f)=\\limsup_{r\\to\\infty}\\frac{\\log\\log T(r,f)}{\\log r}, \\]  where \\(T(r, f)\\) is the Nevanlinna characteristic function. One says that the pre-image of \\(a\\) is forward invariant with respect to the function \\(\\tau\\) if \\(\\tau(f^{-1} (\\{a\\}))\\subset f^{-1} (\\{a\\})\\). The author obtains a version of the second fundamental theorem of Nevanlinna. Let \\(\\omega(z)=cz^n+p_{n-1}z^{n-1}+\\cdots+ p_0\\) and \\(\\varphi(z)=cz^n+q_{n-1}z^{n-1}+\\cdots+q_0\\) be non-constant polynomials. Let \\(q\\geq 2\\) and let \\(a_1,\\dots,a_q\\) be distinct constants. If \\(f\\circ\\omega \\not\\equiv f\\circ\\varphi\\) and \\(\\zeta(f)<1/n^2\\), then  \\[ m(r,f\\circ\\varphi)+ \\sum^q_{k=1}m\\left(r,\\frac{1}{f\\circ\\varphi-a_k}\\right)\\leq 2T(r,f\\circ\\varphi)-N_\\omega(r,f\\circ\\varphi)+o(T(r,f\\circ \\varphi)), \\]  where  \\[ N_\\omega(r,f\\circ \\varphi)=2N(r,f\\circ\\omega-f\\circ \\varphi)+N\\left(r,\\frac{1}{f\\circ\\omega-f\\circ \\varphi}\\right) \\]  and \\(r\\) lies outside of an exceptional set of logarithmic measure. As a corollary of this result it is shown that if \\(n\\in\\mathbb{N}\\) and three distinct values of a meromorphic function \\(f\\) with \\(\\zeta(f)<1/n^2\\) have a forward invariant pre-image with respect to a fixed branch of the algebraic function \\(\\tau(z) =z+\\alpha_{n-1}z^{1-1/n}+\\cdots+\\alpha_1z^{1/n}+\\alpha_0\\) with constant coefficients, then \\(f\\circ\\tau\\equiv f\\). The author gives an example that shows that the growth condition \\(\\zeta(f)<1/n^2\\) cannot be deleted in the above result.","citation":[{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5437187"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2716042"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q935014"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q1854114"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q2581473"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5483197"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3434057"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3190418"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q5723337"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q4112233"},{"@id":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/entity/Q3995409"}]},"provenance":{"prov:generatedAtTime":"2026-03-30T12:29:58Z","prov:wasAttributedTo":"MaRDI Knowledge Graph"}}